Shanghai Vithy Ua tiav Co-Hosts Tuam Tshoj International Nickel & Cobalt Kev Lag Luam Lub Rooj Sab Laj 2024: Kev Pom Zoo thiab Pom Cov Ntawv Thov

I.Taw qhia

Kev lag luam npib tsib xee thiab cobalt yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam uas tsis yog-ferrous, muaj kev loj hlob zoo nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Raws li kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig, xws li kev hloov pauv huab cua, coj mus rau theem nruab nrab, npib tsib xee ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov thev naus laus zis huv huv, tshwj xeeb hauv cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam ntsib ntau qhov kev sib tw, suav nrog kev tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv nickel thiab cobalt, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb npib tsib xee thiab cobalt kev ua lag luam, nce kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam, thiab kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

 

Niaj hnub no, kev hloov pauv mus rau lub zog qis-carbon tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov hlau tseem ceeb xws li npib tsib xee thiab cobalt. Raws li lub ntiaj teb npib tsib xee thiab cobalt kev lag luam toj roob hauv pes hloov zuj zus mus sai, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cai los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab North America ntawm lub zog tshiab tau dhau los ua pov thawj. Tuam Tshoj International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024 tau tuav txij lub Kaum Hli 29 txog 31 hauv Nanchang, xeev Jiangxi, Suav. Lub rooj sab laj no yog lub hom phiaj los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev txhim kho hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam npib tsib xee thiab cobalt los ntawm kev sib txuas lus dav dav thiab kev sib koom tes thaum lub sijhawm tshwm sim. Raws li tus tswv cuab ntawm lub rooj sib tham no, Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. zoo siab los qhia kev nkag siab thiab qhia txog kev pom cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam.

 

 

II. Kev nkag siab los ntawm Nickel thiab Cobalt Forum

 

1.Nickel thiab Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Cov: Kev nce nqi ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee tsis ntev los no tau ua rau muaj kev nqis peev ntau ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm tso tawm, ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv cobalt raw khoom. Qhov kev cia siab rau tus nqi cobalt tseem tsis zoo, thiab kev npaj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm txo qis hauv xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv 2024, lub ntiaj teb no cobalt mov yuav tsum tshaj li qhov xav tau los ntawm 43,000 tons, nrog ib tug kwv yees ntau tshaj 50,000 tons nyob rau hauv 2025. Qhov oversupply no feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm loj hlob sai nyob rau sab mov, stimulated los ntawm nce tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee nqi txij li thaum 2020, uas tau txhawb cov koom pheej ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Conbalt-copper. thiab nickel hydrometallurgical tej yaam num hauv Indonesia. Yog li ntawd, cobalt yog tsim nyob rau hauv abundance raws li ib tug byproduct.

 

Kev siv cobalt tau cia siab tias yuav rov qab los rau xyoo 2024, nrog kev loj hlob ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm 10.6%, feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm 3C (khoos phis tawj, kev sib txuas lus, thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob) xav tau thiab nce qhov feem ntawm cov nickel-cobalt ternary roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev loj hlob yuav tsum tau qeeb mus rau 3.4% hauv 2025 vim kev hloov pauv hauv txoj kev siv tshuab rau lub zog tshiab lub tsheb roj teeb, ua rau muaj kev xa khoom ntau ntawm cobalt sulfate thiab ua rau poob rau cov tuam txhab. Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm cov hlau cobalt thiab cobalt ntsev tau nthuav dav, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev hlau cobalt tau nce mus rau 21,000 tons, 42,000 tons, thiab 60,000 tons hauv 2023, 2024, thiab 2025, raws li, nce mus txog 75,000 tons. Kev xa khoom ntau dhau yog hloov los ntawm cov ntsev cobalt mus rau hlau cobalt, qhia tias muaj peev xwm ua rau tus nqi qis dua yav tom ntej. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los saib hauv kev lag luam cobalt suav nrog kev cuam tshuam hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev muab khoom siv, kev thauj mus los cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim khoom nres hauv cov dej num nickel hydrometallurgical, thiab qis cobalt tus nqi txhawb kev noj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntau dhau ntawm cobalt hlau thiab cobalt sulfate yuav tsum ua kom zoo li qub, thiab cov nqi cobalt qis tuaj yeem txhawb kev noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob sai xws li kev txawj ntse, drones, thiab neeg hlau, qhia txog lub neej yav tom ntej rau kev lag luam cobalt.

 

 

(2)Lithium: Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv, lithium carbonate tej zaum yuav muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm tus nqi vim kev xav ntawm macroeconomic, tab sis tag nrho cov peev xwm upside yog txwv. Lub ntiaj teb lithium cov peev txheej tsim tau kwv yees kom ncav cuag 1.38 lab tons LCE hauv 2024, nce 25% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thiab 1.61 lab tons LCE hauv 2025, nce 11%. Teb chaws Africa xav tias yuav pab txhawb ze li ib feem peb ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntxiv hauv 2024, nrog rau kev nce ntawm kwv yees li 80,000 tons LCE. Hauv cheeb tsam, Australian lithium mines tau npaj kom tsim tau txog 444,000 tons LCE hauv 2024, nrog nce ntawm 32,000 tons LCE, thaum Africa xav tias yuav tsim tau ib ncig ntawm 140,000 tons LCE hauv 2024, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 220,000 tons LCE hauv 2025 tseem yog South America ntau lawm. 20-25% xav tau rau cov pas dej ntsev hauv 2024-2025. Hauv Suav teb, lithium cov peev txheej tsim tau kwv yees li ntawm 325,000 tons LCE hauv 2024, nce 37% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thiab xav tias yuav ncav cuag 415,000 tons LCE hauv 2025, nrog kev loj hlob qeeb mus rau 28%. Los ntawm 2025, cov pas dej ntsev yuav dhau lithium mica ua qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lithium mov hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm 130,000 tons mus rau 200,000 tons thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau 250,000 tons LCE los ntawm 2023 txog 2025, nrog rau qhov nqaim loj ntawm cov nyiaj seem xav tau los ntawm 2027.

 

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv lithium thoob ntiaj teb yog qeb raws li hauv qab no: pas dej ntsev < txawv teb chaws lithium mines < domestic mica mines < recycling. Vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nqi pov tseg thiab cov nqi muag khoom, cov nqi ntau dua nyob ntawm cov hmoov av dub thiab cov nqi siv roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv 2024, lub ntiaj teb no lithium ntsev xav tau yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.18-1.20 lab tons LCE, nrog rau tus nqi nkhaus ntawm 76,000-80,000 yuan / tuj. Tus nqi 80 feem pua ​​yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 70,000 yuan / ton, feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm cov qib siab hauv tsev mica mines, African lithium mines, thiab qee qhov mines txawv teb chaws. Qee lub tuam txhab tau tso tseg cov khoom lag luam vim tias tus nqi poob qis, thiab yog tias tus nqi rov qab siab dua 80,000 yuan, cov tuam txhab no yuav rov pib dua sai sai, ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev lag luam lithium txawv teb chaws tau nce qeeb dua li qhov xav tau, tag nrho cov qauv tseem yog ib qho kev nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab qhov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb tsis tau thim rov qab, nrog cov khoom lag luam siab hauv tsev txuas ntxiv txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm rov qab los.

 

2. Kev Paub Txog Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam

Cov sijhawm tsim khoom rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis tau raug hloov kho siab dua piv rau cov hnub so tom qab Lub Kaum Hli, nrog qee qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lithium hlau phosphate factories. Cov tuam txhab ua lag luam lithium hlau phosphate tswj kev siv lub peev xwm siab, thaum cov lag luam ternary tau pom me ntsis hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm li 15%. Txawm li cas los xij, kev muag khoom ntawm lithium cobalt oxide thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam tau rov qab los, thiab kev txiav txim tsis tau pom tias muaj kev poob qis, ua rau muaj kev xav zoo tag nrho rau cov khoom siv cathode hauv tsev hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis.

 

Kev pom zoo ua lag luam nyob rau hauv qab rau lithium tus nqi yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 65,000 yuan / tuj, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj ntawm 85,000-100,000 yuan / tuj. Lub peev xwm downside rau lithium carbonate tus nqi zoo li txwv. Raws li tus nqi poob qis, kev lag luam txaus siab los yuav cov khoom muag nce ntxiv. Nrog rau kev noj txhua hli ntawm 70,000-80,000 tons thiab cov khoom seem ntawm ib ncig ntawm 30,000 tons, muaj ntau tus neeg ua lag luam yav tom ntej thiab cov tub luam ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev zom cov nyiaj seem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov kev cia siab ntawm macroeconomic tej yam kev mob, ntau pessimism tsis zoo li.

 

 

Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov npib tsib xee tsis ntev los no yog vim qhov tseeb tias RKAB's 2024 quotas tsuas tuaj yeem siv tau txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, thiab cov quotas tsis siv tsis tuaj yeem nqa mus rau xyoo tom ntej. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov khoom siv nickel ore yuav tsum yooj yim, tab sis cov phiaj xwm pyrometallurgical thiab hydrometallurgical tshiab yuav tuaj hauv online, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiav cov khoom siv tau yooj yim. Ua ke nrog LME cov nqi tau nyob rau qis qis tsis ntev los no, cov nqi them rau cov nickel ore tsis tau nthuav dav vim yog cov khoom lag luam yooj yim, thiab cov nqi them poob qis.

 

Hais txog kev sib cog lus mus sij hawm ntev rau xyoo tom ntej, nrog cov nqi nickel, cobalt, thiab lithium tag nrho ntawm cov qib qis, cathode manufacturers feem ntau qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov nqi luv nqi mus sij hawm ntev. Cov tuam txhab roj teeb txuas ntxiv rau "kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav" ntawm cov tuam txhab cathode, nrog rau lithium ntsev txo ntawm 90%, thaum cov lus tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov tuam txhab lithium ntsev qhia tias kev txo nqi ntau dua nyob ib puag ncig 98-99%. Ntawm cov nqi qis kawg no, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws qis qis kuj zoo siab piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los, tsis muaj kev poob siab ntau dhau. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov npib tsib xee thiab cobalt, qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov nickel smelting nroj tsuag yog nce, thiab kev muag khoom sab nraud ntawm MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) yog cov concentrated, muab lawv lub zog loj. Ntawm tus nqi qis tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau xaiv tsis muag, thaum txiav txim siab pib hais thaum LME npib tsib xee nce siab dua 16,000 yuan. Cov tub luam qhia tias MHP luv nqi rau xyoo tom ntej yog 81, thiab cov tuam txhab nickel sulfate tseem ua haujlwm poob. Xyoo 2024, cov nqi npib tsib xee sulfate tuaj yeem nce vim cov khoom siv raw khoom siab (khoom siv thiab MHP).

 

3. Xav Deviations

Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo hauv kev xav tau thaum lub sijhawm "Golden Lub Cuaj Hli thiab Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj" yuav tsis siab npaum li lub sijhawm "Golden Lub Peb Hlis thiab Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj" ua ntej lub xyoo no, tab sis tus Tsov tus tw kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj yog qhov tseeb ntev dua li qhov xav tau. Txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws los hloov cov tsheb hluav taws xob qub nrog cov tshiab, nrog rau kev txiav txim los ntawm cov chaw cia khoom loj txawv teb chaws, tau muab kev txhawb nqa ob npaug rau tus Tsov tus tw kawg ntawm lithium carbonate thov, thaum qhov kev thov rau lithium hydroxide tseem tsis muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev hloov pauv hauv kev txiav txim rau cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tom qab nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis.

 

 

Pilbara thiab MRL, uas muaj feem ntau ntawm kev muag khoom dawb, tau tshaj tawm lawv cov lus ceeb toom Q3 2024, qhia txog kev ntsuas tus nqi thiab txo cov kev taw qhia ntau lawm. Interestingly, Pilbara npaj yuav kaw qhov project Ngungaju rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, ua ntej kev txhim kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag Pilgan. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav tag nrho ntawm cov nqi lithium los ntawm 2015 txog 2020, Altura qhov project tau pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2018 thiab tsis ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2020 vim muaj teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Pilbara tau txais Altura hauv xyoo 2021 thiab hu ua qhov project Ngungaju, npaj yuav rov pib dua hauv theem. Tom qab peb xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tam sim no tau kaw rau kev saib xyuas. Tshaj li cov nqi siab, qhov kev txiav txim siab no qhia txog kev txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom thiab cov nqi hauv lub teeb ntawm tus nqi qis lithium. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nqi lithium thiab cov khoom siv tau hloov pauv ntsiag to, thiab kev tswj xyuas kev siv ntawm tus nqi taw tes yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov tsis zoo.

 

4. Risk ceeb toom

Txuas ntxiv kev loj hlob tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub zog tshiab lub tsheb tsim khoom thiab muag khoom, kev txiav txim siab mine ntau lawm, thiab qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig.

 

III. Kev siv ntawm Nickel thiab Cobalt

Nickel thiab cobalt muaj ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Nov yog qee qhov chaw thov tseem ceeb:

 

1.Roj teeb Manufacturing

 

(1) Lithium-ion roj teeb: Nickel thiab cobalt yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv cathode hauv lithium-ion roj teeb, dav siv hauv tsheb fais fab (EVs) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob portable xws li smartphones thiab laptops.

(2)Solid-State roj teeb: Cov ntaub ntawv nickel thiab cobalt kuj muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv cov roj teeb uas muaj zog, ua kom muaj zog ceev thiab kev nyab xeeb.

 

 

2. Alloy Manufacturing

 

(1) Stainless hlau: Nickel yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau stainless, txhim kho nws cov corrosion kuj thiab lub zog.

(2)High-temperature Alloys: Nickel-cobalt alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab lwm yam kev siv high-temperature vim lawv zoo heev kub tsis kam thiab lub zog.

 

3. Catalysts

Tshuaj Catalysts: Nickel thiab cobalt ua cov catalysts hauv qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, siv hauv roj av refining thiab tshuaj synthesis.

 

4. Electroplating

Kev lag luam electroplating: Nickel yog siv rau hauv electroplating los txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau nto, dav siv hauv tsheb, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

 

5. Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum

Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov: Cobalt yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas yog siv dav hauv motors, generators, thiab sensors.

 

6. Cov khoom siv kho mob

Khoom siv kho mob: Nickel-cobalt alloys yog siv rau hauv qee yam khoom siv kho mob los txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab biocompatibility.

 

7. Lub zog tshiab

Hydrogen Zog: Nickel thiab cobalt ua raws li catalysts hauv hydrogen zog technologies, pab txhawb hydrogen ntau lawm thiab cia.

 

IV. Kev siv cov kua dej sib cais hauv cov nickel thiab cobalt ua

Cov kua dej sib cais ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov nickel thiab cobalt, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hauv qab no:

 

1.Ore Processing

(1) Kev kho mob ua ntej: Thaum lub sij hawm pib ua cov txheej txheem ntawm nickel thiab cobalt ores, cov khoom sib cais-kua lim yog siv los tshem tawm impurities thiab noo noo los ntawm cov ore, txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej extraction.

(2)Nco ntsoov: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais tuaj yeem mloog zoo rau cov hlau tseem ceeb ntawm cov ore, txo lub nra ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.

 

2. Cov txheej txheem Leaching

(1) Leachate sib cais: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching ntawm npib tsib xee thiab cobalt, cov khoom sib cais cov kua dej yog ua haujlwm los cais cov kua qaub los ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj dej tsis huv, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hlau rho tawm hauv cov kua theem.

(2)Txhim kho cov nqi rov qab: Kev sib cais ntawm cov kua-kua tau zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nqi rov qab ntawm nickel thiab cobalt, txo cov peev txheej pov tseg.

3. Cov txheej txheem electrowinning

(1) Kev kho hluav taws xob: Thaum lub sij hawm electrowinning ntawm npib tsib xee thiab cobalt, cov khoom siv-kua sib cais lim yog siv los kho cov electrolyte, tshem tawm impurities los xyuas kom meej stability ntawm cov txheej txheem electrowinning thiab purity ntawm cov khoom.

(2)Kev kho Sludge: Cov sludge generated tom qab electrowinning tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov khoom sib cais ua kua kom rov qab tau cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig.

 

4. Kev kho dej khib nyiab

(1) Ib puag ncig kev ua raws cai: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov nickel thiab cobalt, cov khoom sib cais cov kua dej tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho dej khib nyiab, tshem tawm cov khoom thiab cov pa phem kom ua tau raws li kev cai ib puag ncig.

(2)Kev Pabcuam Rov Qab: Los ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem rov qab tau, ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv cov peev txheej.

 

5. Cov khoom ua kom zoo

Kev sib cais hauv cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo: Thaum lub sij hawm refining ntawm npib tsib xee thiab cobalt, cov khoom-kua sib cais lim yog siv los cais refining kua los ntawm cov khoom impurities, kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg.

 

 

 

6. Kev tsim kho tshiab

Emerging Filtration Technologies: Kev lag luam tab tom tsom mus rau cov khoom tshiab-kua sib cais thev naus laus zis, xws li membrane filtration thiab ultrafiltration, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cais thiab txo kev siv zog.

 

V. Taw qhia rau Vithy Lim

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm high-precision self-tu pom, Vithy muaj cov khoom nram qab no:

 

1. Microporous Cartridge lim 

lMicron NtauLoj: 0.1-100 micron

lLim ElementsYas (UHMWPE / PA / PTFE) hmoov sintered cartridge; Hlau (SS316L / Titanium) hmoov sintered cartridge

lNta: Tsis siv neeg tu tus kheej, lim ncuav mog qab zib rov qab, slurry concentration